临床营养科

妊娠有三期,营养各不同 (晚期)

时间:2018-07-19


*孕晚期营养生理特点
        孕晚期是指孕期的最后三个月(28-40周),妊娠后期胎儿生长迅速,胎儿体重在28周尚为1000g,到40周时却能达到3000g,母体中对蛋白质的贮备也最多,所以应注意优质蛋白质的摄入。
        孕晚期的体重增加较为迅速,但应控制在每周0.5公斤以下,以免胎儿长得过大,影响分娩。


        孕晚期胎儿肝脏贮存铁较多,如孕妇铁贮存量不足,可影响胎儿体内铁的贮存,产后易患缺铁性贫血。
        妊娠晚期钙的需要量显著增加,除了母体贮存一定的钙之外,胎儿体内的钙一半以上是在最后2个月贮存的,因此,推荐供给量每日达1200毫克,
        综上所述在孕晚期应补充充足的矿物质和维生素,尤其是钙和铁。

孕晚期的饮食注意要点
        孕晚期由于胎儿增长,子宫压迫胃部,孕妇的食量反而减少,往往吃较少的食物就有饱腹感,但实际上并未能满足机体的需要。因此,这个时期应选择:
        ①体积小,营养价值高的食物,如动物性食品等;
        ②对一些纯热能的食物如白糖、蜂蜜等甜食宜少吃或不吃;
        ③孕妇应以少食多餐为原则,每日4-5餐;
        ④每天的膳食组成可在孕中期基础上再增加1瓶牛奶或1两禽、肉、鱼、蛋;
        ⑤调味应清淡,食盐用量应适当控制,有水肿的孕妇食盐量限制在每日5克以下;
        ⑥避免辛辣、咖啡、酒类等刺激性食物。


孕晚期一日食谱举例:
                        餐次                                                名称                                            原料
                        早餐                    赤豆小米粥红豆10g                                            小米40g
                                                    馒头                                                                    标准粉50g
                                                    牛奶                                                                      250g
                        加餐                    芦柑                                                                      200g
                        午餐                    米饭                                                                       100g
                                                    青椒胡萝卜炒猪肝                                                青椒100g 胡萝卜50g 猪肝50g
                                                    西红柿紫菜鸡蛋汤                                                红柿100g 紫菜10g鸡蛋60g
                                                   清炒豌豆苗                                                            豌豆苗100g
                        下午加餐            核桃豆浆 300g                                                       核桃15g 全麦面包 25g
                        晚餐                    米饭                                                                       100g
                                                   凉拌菠菜                                                                菠菜100g
                                                   红烧牛肉                                                                牛肉100g
                                                   蘑菇鲫鱼汤                                                            鲫鱼50g 蘑菇50g
                        晚加餐                牛奶                                                                        250g
                                                                全日烹调用油25g,盐6g、糖适量


        以上食谱供给蛋白质97g,脂肪81g,碳水化合物300g,热能2300kcal,多种维生素,矿物质,特别是铁含量达到40mg完全达到轻体力劳动孕晚期妇女供给量要求。






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